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The energy-environment nexus: aerosol science and technology enabling solutions

Pratim BISWAS, Wei-Ning WANG, Woo-Jin AN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 299-312 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0351-1

摘要： Energy issues are important and consumption is slated to increase across the globe in the future. The energy-environment nexus is very important as strategies to meet future energy demand are developed. To ensure sustainable growth and development, it is essential that energy production is environmentally benign. There are two temporal issues—one that is immediate, and needs to address the environmental compliance of energy generation from fossil fuel sources; and second that is the need to develop newer alternate and more sustainable approaches in the future. Aerosol science and technology is an enabling discipline that addresses the energy issue over both these time scales. The paper is a review of aspects of aerosol science and engineering that helps address carbon neutrality of fossil fuels. Advanced materials to meet these challenges are discussed. Future approaches to effective harvesting of sunlight that are enabled by aerosol studies are discussed.

关键词： energy-environment nexus aerosol science and technology fossil fuels carbon dioxide conversion solar energy nanoparticle technology

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Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z

摘要： Water and energy are inextricably linked, and as a consequence both have to be addressed together. This is called the water-energy nexus. When access to either is limited, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to consider their interdependence. Population growth, climate change, urbanization, increasing living standards and food consumption will require an integrated approach where food, water and energy security are considered together. In this paper we examine water, energy and food security and their couplings. The nexus also creates conflicts between water use, energy extraction and generation as well as food production. Some of these conflicts are illustrated. It is argued that there is an urgent need for integrated planning and operation. Not only will better technology be needed, but also better integration of policies, organizations and political decisions.

关键词： water security energy security food security water-energy nexus water conflicts

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社会水循环系统水 – 能 – 碳纽带关系及低碳调控策略研究

王建华,朱永楠 ,李玲慧,李嘉欣,姜珊,何国华

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 191-201 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.014

摘要： Theoretical exploration for the combination of the ecological, energy, carbon, and water footprints:Energy consumption for water use cycles in different countries: A review [J]‍.Applied Energy , 2016 , 178sep‍. 15 : 868 ‒ 885 ‍.">30]。Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Research on the Comprehensive Coordinated Development Strategy of Energy

关键词： “双碳”；社会水循环；水 – 能 – 碳纽带关系；碳核算；水管理

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Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 640-657 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0549-5

摘要： Nexus security is a compound mix of ideas: reconciling human needs and wants with access to multiple resources; diversity of access to those resources and services; resilience in the face of weather- and climate-related variability; resilience likewise in the face of infrastructure failure; and the personal, individual sense of belonging. At the level of Systems Thinking there is a very close relationship between resilience in the behavior of natural (ecological) systems and resilience in the social dynamics of governance within communities, where such resilience establishes the viability of these communities over centuries, which in turn entails successful stewardship of the man-environment relationship. We use insights from this cross-system mapping — across natural, built, and human systems — to assess, first, the role of city governance in achieving nexus security (or not) and, second, the role of technological innovations in serving the same purpose. More specifically, eight principles, covering resilience and diversity of access to resources and services, are used to gauge security-enhancing features of city buildings and infrastructure. Case studies include new designs of resilient office blocks, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) recovery systems for sanitation and wastewater treatment, and the reconstruction of urban parks for the provision of ecosystem services. Throughout the paper, matters of risk in the face of meteorological variability are prominent. We do not conclude, however, that the presence of risk implies nexus security.

关键词： cities as forces for good climate variability ecosystem services energy and nutrient recovery infrastructure failure urban metabolism

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Layered alkali titanates (ATiO): possible uses for energy/environment issues

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 631-655 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0776-6

摘要： Uses of layered alkali titanates (A₂Ti_nO₂_n₊₁; Na₂Ti₃O₇, K₂Ti₄O₉, and Cs₂Ti₅O₁₁) for energy and environmental issues are summarized. Layered alkali titanates of various structural types and compositions are regarded as a class of nanostructured materials based on titanium oxide frameworks. If compared with commonly known titanium dioxides (anatase and rutile), materials design based on layered alkali titanates is quite versatile due to the unique structure (nanosheet) and morphological characters (anisotropic particle shape). Recent development of various synthetic methods (solid-state reaction, flux method, and hydrothermal reaction) for controlling the particle shape and size of layered alkali titanates are discussed. The ion exchange ability of layered alkali titanate is used for the collection of metal ions from water as well as a way of their functionalization. These possible materials design made layered alkali titanates promising for energy (including catalysis, photocatalysts, and battery) and environmental (metal ion concentration from aqueous environments) applications.

关键词： layered alkali titanates photocatalysis hydrogen evdution metal ions collection

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Energy and environment in Chinese rural housing: Current status and future perspective

Xudong YANG, Yi JIANG, Ming YANG, Ming SHAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 35-46 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0001-5

摘要： A large scale national survey of energy consumption and indoor environment quality of China’s rural housing was conducted from 2006–2007. The survey covered 15 provinces in northern China and 9 provinces in southern China. The survey data indicate that excessive building energy consumption and poor indoor environment pose significant challenges to the sustainable development of China’s rural housing. Possible causes are analyzed, the current status explained and possible development trends predicted. Strategies for sustainable and environmentally appropriate energy development in rural areas are recommended with an example of the “Zero-Coal, Low Energy Village”.

关键词： rural energy energy-saving sustainability

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Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy–Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment

Shan-Shan Yang,Xin-Lei Yu,Chen-Hao Cui,Jie Ding,Lei He,Wei Dai,Han-Jun Sun,Shun-Wen Bai,Yu Tao,Ji-Wei Pang,Nan-Qi Ren,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.011

摘要： Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important and energy-intensive municipal infrastructures. High energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon neutrality. However, water–energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to date. In this study, a cloud-model-based energy-consumption analysis (CMECA) of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume data. The energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels, and its cloud digital characteristics (CDCs) were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio methods. Our results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and quantity. The days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption, represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy consumption. The local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m−3 despite low influent concentration and volumes, across four consumption levels from low (I) to relatively high (IV), showing an unsatisfactory operation and management level. The average oxygenation capacity, internal reflux ratio, and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained (0.2924–0.3703 kg O2·m−3, 1.9576–2.4787 and 0.6603–0.8361, respectively), which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy efficiency. Consequently, this study offers a water–energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational management anomalies and can be used as an empirical reference for the optimized operation of WWTPs.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants Cloud-model theory Data mining Principal component analysis K -means clustering Cloud-model-based energy-consumption analysis

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Conceptualising the nexus of projects, finance and capacity in construction business

Arun BAJRACHARYA, Stephen Olu OGUNLANA, Cheng Siew GOH, Hai Chen TAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 289-297 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018021

摘要：

This paper addresses a research question on why construction companies fail in their business. Starting with the concept of growth and capacity underinvestment archetype, a new and operational systems thinking model is developed. The conceptual systems thinking model includes a set of causal structure that can explain various modes (including the growth and failure modes) of business performance of small and medium construction companies. Mainly the three components – projects, finance and capacity – and the understanding of their nexus (or causal inter-relationships) are found to be sufficient to reveal different performance modes in construction business. Further, the three operational aspects, namely, the business growth or decline process; the situation of financial and other capacity resource consumption; and the management of projects, finance and other capacity resources have been identified as the inter-related core and integral aspects of construction business. The three inter-related core aspects could actually include and explain different possible range of business situations, policies and practices in a construction company.

关键词： performance of construction business projects finance capacity systems thinking

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Liquid metal as energy transportation medium or coolant under harsh environment with temperature below

Yunxia GAO, Lei WANG, Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 49-61 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0285-3

摘要： The current highly integrated electronics and energy systems are raising a growing demand for more sophisticated thermal management in harsh environments such as in space or some other cryogenic environment. Recently, it was found that room temperature liquid metals (RTLM) such as gallium or its alloys could significantly reduce the electronics temperature compared with the conventional coolant, like water, oil or more organic fluid. However, most of the works were focused on RTLM which may subject to freeze under low temperature. So far, a systematic interpretation on the preparation and thermal properties of liquid metals under low temperature (here defined as lower than 0°C) has not yet been available and related applications in cryogenic field have been scarce. In this paper, to promote the research along this important direction and to overcome the deficiency of RTLM, a comprehensive evaluation was proposed on the concept of liquid metal with a low melting point below zero centigrade, such as mercury, alkali metal and more additional alloy candidates. With many unique virtues, such liquid metal coolants are expected to open a new technical frontier for heat transfer enhancement, especially in low temperature engineering. Some innovative ways for making low melting temperature liquid metal were outlined to provide a clear theoretical guideline and perform further experiments to discover new materials. Further, a few promising applied situations where low melting temperature liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles were detailed. Finally, some main factors for optimization of low temperature coolant were summarized. Overall, with their evident merits to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metals with a low melting temperature below zero centigrade are expected to be the next-generation high-performance heat transfer medium in thermal managements, especially in harsh environment in space.

关键词： liquid metal cryogenics low melting point thermal management aircraft liquid cooling space exploration

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用跨学科网络组织化研究框架解释食物-能源-水的纽带关系 Perspective

庄杰, Frank E. Löffler, Gary S. Sayler

《工程（英文）》 2022年第11卷第4期页码 95-100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.017

摘要：

城市化、人口增长以及食物-能源-水（food-energy-water, FEW）的加速消耗给经济、环境和社会（economic, environmental, and social, ESS）的可持续性发展带来了前所未有的挑战

关键词：食物能源水利益相关者政策环境可持续性

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食物-能源-水钮带关系研究能否与农业创新保持同步？

庄杰, Tom Gill, Frank E. Löffler, 金明洲, Gary S. Sayler

《工程（英文）》 2023年第23卷第4期页码 24-28 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.014

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Effect of natural resource on improving indoor thermal environment in Chongqing

Yong DING, Baizhan LI, Qing LUO, Hong LIU, Meng LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0018-1

摘要： This paper analyzes the potential of natural resources to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resources including solar energy, wind, water, and earth, etc. The building form, systems, and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site decision, building form design, and computer simulation, which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.

关键词： natural resource indoor thermal environment renewable energy

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Utilization of renewable energy in architectural design

TIAN Lei, QIN Youguo

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 114-122 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0012-4

摘要： Renewable energy does not simply equal to using a photovoltaic (PV) board. In addition to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) engineering considerations, the design approaches of architects are crucial to the utilization condition and methods of renewable energy. Through profound comprehension of the relationship between renewableenergy utilization and design approaches, we can achieve a dual-standard of building environment performance and esthetics.

关键词： dual-standard photovoltaic relationship utilization environment performance

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Search for a natural scientific measure of economy

John E COULTER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 111-118 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0285-7

摘要： Through human history, wealth has been measured in grain, gold, and, now, dollars. Though counterfeiting of coins and notes goes back a long way, it is only with electronic financial accounting in a global economy tainted by toxic loans and imaginary funds that there is an urgency to search for a realistic objective way to monitor and regulate what we are doing to our Earth and ourselves. Various schemes using analysis of utility functions, oil equivalents, entropy, energy, and other units have been tried and, while helping to understand some basic processes and flows, have always been swamped by the machinations of financiers and the attention big sums of money attract. Now, the concept of exergy, pioneered in Eastern Europe in the 1950s, is being researched, developed, and applied, especially in China, driven by the desperation to measure the reality beyond the twin specters of global financial and environmental crises. A rough inventory of the matter in the biosphere at the coordinate details of an angstrom and an appreciation of how humans harness and manipulate electromagnetic forces can be enlightening as to what is and is not sustainable. Without that understanding, any financial estimate and proposed stimulus packages or IMF reform will be wildly wrong and may even be headed in the wrong direction.

关键词： climate change financial crisis energy exergy environment

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writing of electronics based on alloy and metal (DREAM) ink: A newly emerging area and its impact on energy, environment and health sciences

Qin ZHANG, Yi ZHENG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 311-340 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0214-x

摘要： Electronics, such as printed circuit board (PCB), transistor, radio frequency identification (RFID), organic light emitting diode (OLED), solar cells, electronic display, lab on a chip (LOC), sensor, actuator, and transducer etc. are playing increasingly important roles in people’s daily life. Conventional fabrication strategy towards integrated circuit (IC), requesting at least six working steps, generally consumes too much energy, material and water, and is not environmentally friendly. During the etching process, a large amount of raw materials have to be abandoned. Besides, lithography and microfabrication are typically carried out in “Cleanroom” which restricts the location of IC fabrication and leads to high production costs. As an alternative, the newly emerging ink-jet printing electronics are gradually shaping modern electronic industry and its related areas, owing to the invention of a series of conductive inks composed of polymer matrix, conductive fillers, solvents and additives. Nevertheless, the currently available methods also encounter some technical troubles due to the low electroconductivity, complex sythesis and sintering process of the inks. As an alternative, a fundamentally different strategy was recently proposed by the authors’ lab towards truly direct writing of electronics through introduction of a new class of conductive inks made of low melting point liquid metal or its alloy. The method has been named as direct writing of electronics based on alloy and metal (DREAM) ink. A series of functional circuits, sensors, electronic elements and devices can thus be easily written on various either soft or rigid substrates in a moment. With more and more technical progresses and fundamental discoveries being kept made along this category, it was found that a new area enabled by the DREAM ink electronics is emerging, which would have tremendous impacts on future energy and environmental sciences. In order to promote the research and development along this direction, the present paper is dedicated to draft a comprehensive picture on the DREAM ink technology by summarizing its most basic features and principles. Some important low melting point metal ink candidates, especially the room temperature liquid metals such as gallium and its alloy, were collected, listed and analyzed. The merits and demerits between conventional printed electronics and the new direct writing methods were comparatively evaluated. Important scientific issues and technical strategies to modify the DREAM ink were suggested and potential application areas were proposed. Further, digestions on the impacts of the new technology among energy, health, and environmental sciences were presented. Meanwhile, some practical challenges, such as security, environment-friendly feature, steady usability, package, etc. were summarized. It is expected that the DREAM ink technology will initiate a series of unconventional applications in modern society, and even enter into peoples’ daily life in the near future.

关键词： direct writing of electronics based on alloy and metal (DREAM) ink direct writing of electronics printed electronics liquid metal ink integrated circuit consumer electronics nano liquid metal